When growing peaches in South Africa, there are several infections and diseases that you should watch out for. Here are some common ones:
- Peach Leaf Curl: This fungal disease is caused by the pathogen Taphrina deformans. It affects the leaves of the peach tree, causing them to curl, turn red or purple, and become distorted. Infected leaves may eventually drop prematurely. To control peach leaf curl, it is important to apply fungicides during the dormant season before bud break.
- Bacterial Spot: Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni is the bacterium that causes bacterial spot in peaches. It manifests as small, dark spots on the leaves, fruit, and twigs. As the disease progresses, the spots may enlarge and become surrounded by a yellow halo. In severe cases, the fruit may become distorted or crack. Copper-based sprays are commonly used to control bacterial spot.
- Brown Rot: Caused by the fungus Monilinia spp., brown rot affects the fruit, causing it to rot and develop a brown, shriveled appearance. The fungus can also infect blossoms, twigs, and shoots. Good orchard sanitation, removal of infected fruit, and the use of fungicides can help control brown rot.
- Peach Scab: This disease is caused by the fungus Cladosporium carpophilum. It appears as black, scaly lesions on the fruit and leaves. Severe infections can cause cracking and deformities on the fruit. Fungicides containing captan or mancozeb are commonly used to control peach scab.
- Peach Tree Short Life (PTSL): PTSL is a complex disorder that affects the root system of peach trees, leading to their premature decline and death. It is caused by a combination of factors including root pathogens, nematodes, and environmental stressors. Planting resistant rootstocks and maintaining good orchard management practices can help reduce the impact of PTSL.
- Peach Tree Borers: These are insects in the larval stage of clearwing moths. They tunnel into the trunk and branches of peach trees, causing girdling and weakening of the tree. Regular monitoring of the orchard and the application of insecticides can help manage peach tree borers.
It is important to regularly inspect your peach trees for any signs of infections or diseases. Early detection and prompt action can help prevent the spread of these issues and protect your crop. Consult with local agricultural extension services or experts for specific recommendations and guidance on disease management in your region.
